Medals and the Man

Major Ernest Amphlett Capel MC TD

36th Regimental Medal

This month's feature is about a medal that was perhaps never issued!

The medal in question is a privately made medal to the 36th Foof. The medal was acquired by the museum from the collection of the late Wing Commander John Barker, a collector to and a researcher of the Worcestershire Regiment. The 36th of Foot was prior to the 1880 Army reforms termed 'Herefordshire'. In 1880 it became the 2nd Battalion The Worcestershire Regiment hence John's interest and ours.

John carried out extensive research into the medal. He discovered an identical medal disc in the collection of the Worcestershire Regimental Museum; it is on display together with the recipient's Military General Service (MGS) medal with 7 clasps.

Both medals comprise a silver disc engraved on the back with '36 FIRM' and sunbursting from the centre the names of Peninsula War engagements: VIMIERA, CORUNNA, BARBA DEL PORTO, SALAMANCA, PYRENEES, NIVELLE, NIVE, ORTHES, TOULOUSE.

On the front the personal dedication:

Presented by his Br(other) N(on) C(ommissined) Off(ice)rs of the Depot as a token of his long service of 30 years.

On the front of the suspender:

36th Regt FIRM [Firm being the motto of the 36th]

The rear of the Worcestershire Museum medal bears the inscription:

C(o)l(our) Serg(ent) Sam(ua)l Richardson.

The Herefordshire Museum medal is unnamed.

John then carried out extensive research to try and identify the recipient of the unnamed medal. The first task was to compare the 7 clasps on Richardson’s MGS with the 9 ‘engagements’ listed on the medal. Pyrenees and Barba Del Porto account for the difference. Pyrenees is a Battle Honour named on the Regimental Colour and men of the 36th were awarded this clasp – the reason Richardson does not have this cannot be determined [see note at end of article]. The Historical Record of the 36th Foot records that half of the Battalion took part in an action at the Barbo Del Porto on 11 May 1809, but this action was not authorised as a clasp to the MGS; it is assumed Richardson was one of the men of the Battalion which took part in the action.

A detailed comparison of the 2 medal discs shows some minor differences – but these can probably be accounted for by them being hand engraved and the 2 discs are for all intents and purposes identical. The condition of the unnamed medal was noted to be better than the named one, which would perhaps indicate that it had never been worn. This examination also indicated that the suspender of the unnamed medal had never been named.

John carried out extensive research to identify a long serving soldier of the 36th who had a similar career to Richardson – his research drew a blank. There were long serving NCOs but none with 30 years service or in receipt of the MGS with clasps matching the medal or Richardson’s MGS Clasps.

The mystery of the second medal deepened and led to speculation and possible solutions:

• the second medal was a replacement for an unsatisfactory one - but detailed examination does not support this.
• the suspender was defective, but if this was the case surely just a new suspender would have been made.

John’s conclusion was that the most likely solution was that the manufacturer set 2 craftsmen (or apprentices) on the task and then selected the ‘best’ medal to have named.

John Barker was a great friend to The Worcestershire Regimental Museum and also to The
Herefordshire Regimental Museum, the quality of his research was excellent and we are delighted to be able to show that in this article.

The photographs of Richardson’s medal are reproduced by kind permission of © Trustees of the
Mercian Regiment Museum (Worcestershire).

The Military General Service Medal 1793-1814

The MGS is a subject worthy of an article in its own right! It was authorised in 1847 and issued in 1848, 34 years after the last battle it commemorated! Medals had to be applied for and it is likely that at the time distance between the actions and the application there were omissions – perhaps this is the case with Richardson’s MGS clasp entitlement.

29 bars were authorised for the Peninsula, Egypt, East & West Indies and the USA; the most authorised to one individual is 15.

Lt Col Gilbert Drage

Lt Col Gilbert Drage was Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion from 1914 to 1918 and saw service with the Battalion in the UK, Gallipoli and The Middle East.

Col Drage had served for 23 years in the Royal Marines, retiring as a Major in 1913 when he joined the Herefordshire Regiment as a Major. He was promoted and appointed the Commanding Officer on the outbreak of war in 1914.

He oversaw the integration of huge numbers of recruits in Autumn 1914, organising their individual training and also that of the Battalion as a unit. He led the Battalion when it landed at Suvla Bay and was injured in the first advance - but returned to duty. He oversaw the reconstitution of the Battalion in Egypt in 1916, took part in the Western Defences and then the Suez Defences before advancing across the Sinai and taking part in the Gaza battles and the advance to Jerusalem.

He earned no medals during his service wit the Royal Marines but whilst with the Herefords was awarded the following awards and medals; Distinguished Service Order (DSO) (1/1/1917), 1914/15 Star, British War Medal, Victory Medal with Mention in Despatches emblem (13/7/1916, 1/12/1916, 14/6/1918) and the Order of The Nile (3rd Class) (9/11/1918).

His medals are held in the Regimental Museum.

His obituary from the Radnor Society Journal says a little more about him and shows his wide interests:

We have to record with deep regret the death on 8th May, 1952, of Lt. Col. Gilbert Drage, D.S.O., who had been a member of the Society since 1935, and was for many years a member of the Executive Committee. He was 81, but was active to the end. His fine presence and soldierly bearing, and his courteous manner, will be an enduring memory for all who knew him. Colonel Drage had a distinguished career, first as an officer in the Royal Marines for 23 years, and afterwards, in the first World War, commanding the 1st Battalion of the Herefordshire Regiment in Gallipoli, Egypt, and Palestine. He was made a Justice of the Peace for Radnorshire in 1925, and a Deputy Lieutenant in 1938. His book Gazpacho (reviewed in the Transactions of 1949) showed him as he really was, a man of culture, wide travel, and an almost unlimited variety of interest. The Society is indebted to him for several delightful contributions to the Transactions, on subjects so diverse as sundials, mill stones, and woodcock. In addition, his Notes on the Militia," published by the Society in 1937, will long be a standard work of reference, particularly in regard to the Royal Radnor Militia. Colonel Drage was pre-deceased by his wife, who shared to the full his interests, and amassed a large and valuable collection of books and works of art. When living at The Rodd, Presteigne, both he and Mrs. Drage became proficient in hand-loom weaving, on which subject he latterly published a small book, in an effort to bring back to the country side this rural handicraft. A radiant sundial placed on the wall of Norton church tower was one of his last efforts for the parish where he spent the evening of his days.

Pte EV Cale

14825453 Pte CR Edwards

Lt Col Wilkins Fitzwilliam Chipp DSO*, OBE, MC, ED

Lt Col Chipp, the most decorated Herefordshire Regiment soldier served in uniform from 1899 until 1956 and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order twice, the Military Cross, Mentioned in Despatches twice, Croix De Guerre from France and Belgium, Officer of the Order of The British Empire, Efficiency Decoration and Territorial Force Efficiency Medal in addition to First and Second World War campaign medals!

Chipp, the son of the Deputy Chief Constable for Herefordshire, had attended the Lady Hawkins school and, in 1899, at age 17 enlisted in the local company of The Herefordshire Rifle Volunteers at Kington.

Chipp's military career progressed, he was promoted Corporal in 1900, Sergeant in 1902 and Colour Sergeant in 1907. He was the Sergeant in charge of the Colour Party when Edward VII opened the Rhayader Dam and water works. On the formation of the Territorial Force in 1908 Chipp enlisted into the 1st Battalion of the newly formed Herefordshire Regiment. He received the King’s Colour on behalf of the Regiment at Windsor from King Edward VII in June 1909. He was also noted as a fine rifle shot.

In August 1915, Chipp landed with the Battalion at Suvla Bay Gallipoli. He wrote home of his comrades who were killed or wounded, of the cunning of 'Johny Turk', the shortages of water and the heat, flies and general misery. He took command of A Company when all the officers became casualties, over a period which included it being cut off for 5 days. He was wounded and hospitalised in Malta suffering from a bullet wound to the arm and bruising to the side. He recovered and rejoined the Battalion at Suvla, and was there when he was informed that he had been Commissioned on 9 October 1915. He was later evacuated through sickness to England before rejoining the Battalion in Egypt.

Chipp then served with the Battalion throughout its time in the Middle East; garrisoning outposts in Western Egypt and the Suez Canal, the battles of Romani, Gaza and Khuweilfeh, and the eventual relief of Jerusalem. He at various times was the Adjutant, company commander and for a time a staff officer on the staff of 158 Brigade. He was promoted captain and major, attended various staff courses, had a hill named after him in the high area of Tel Asur in Judea during the actions of Spring 1918. He was awarded the Military Cross for 'conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty he carried out a valuable recce and cleared up an obscure situation. He readjusted parts of the line with great skill and showed complete disregard of danger' at Khuweilfeh in November 1917.

The Battalion sailed for France on 17 June 1918, ironically (as will be seen later) the convoy was escorted by Japanese destroyers. The great German offensive of the Spring was still not beaten and he had his first experience of the gas and slaughter of the Western Front in the Chateau Thierry area. By September the Battalion was in the Kemmel area and joined the great advance via Menin and Moen, being in reserve in the Wevelghem area on 11 Nov. During this period Chipp found himself as Company commander, Regimental Second in Command and for several periods Commanding Officer; he was always in the thick of the action and he was awarded the DSO for action in the Menin area in Oct 1918 when he ... 'commanded his Battalion with great skill and gallantry, with only part of his command he was ordered to take over the whole front and push on, an extremely difficult operation which he carried out at once under heavy shelling and machine gun and minenwerfer fire. It was entirely due to his own personal recce under fire and perfect control that enabled his men to overcome every obstacle'.

He was one of only two who received 'triple honours' (DSO and bar and MC) from King George V at Buckingham Palace in 1919.

The details of his inter war activities are not known in full, but his military service continued while he worked in the forestry service in India and Malaysia where he served in the Malay States Volunteer Regiment. He was made OBE in 1940.

He was a Wing Commander in the Admin and Special Duties Branch of the RAFVR at the time of the fall of Singapore in 1942, and was captured and endured over 3 years as a prisoner in Changi prison where he was appointed chief librarian. He was released and returned to England in 1946 aged 64. There is a handwritten account 'The Observer Corps, events leading up to the surrender of Singapore' which concludes 'despite the Jap searches the Observer Corps nominal roll was kept hidden and is still in the possession of the writer' signed W F Chipp Commanding. Chipp obviously had a penchant for hiding things. As illustrated by an account which he wrote and which was published in the KSLI and Herefordshire Regimental Journal, in brief:

'Having had some slight experience of the Japanese, and hearing first hand accounts of their behaviour since the invasion began, it was evident that any valuables in possession of prisoners, or abandoned would be quickly annexed .... I had in my possession my decorations and medals and was determined if possible to hide them from our captors........

For a secure hiding place I consulted ... the director of museums …. He suggested a safe hiding place could probably be found in the Raffles Museum ....... On the evening of the capitulation, 15 February 1942, we went to the museum........ The problem of finding a hiding place for my small case was solved by my friend who took me to the reptile room on the first floor. The larger models were mounted on hollow plaster casts, and in one of these I concealed my case.

Then 3 years and 7 months after the British surrender, came the capitulation of the Japanese on 3 September 1945 .... the Japanese guards were replaced by Ghurkas and no one was allowed to leave except by special permission .... On 6 September my old friend Colonel JP Read CBE (RA) came to the camp to enquire of his old acquaintances. I told him of the hidden case and a few days later received special permission to accompany him into Singapore, ..... the museum was locked, but we found an assistant, the same one that had admitted us 4 years previously, and entered the museum ..... the reptile room was found to be locked and all exhibits covered by sheeting. The assistant explained that the Japanese disliked reptiles and had kept the room locked during their occupation ... lifting up the hamadryad I quickly found my case with contents intact.....

A fascinating account, and perhaps one would think that Chipp had had enough of military service, but on return to UK he joined the reformed Home Guard as Lieutenant Colonel, commanding the 11 County Of London Battalion. His probable last appearance in uniform was on Armistice day 1956 when he commanded the Home Guard, Guard of Honour at the Grave on the Unknown Soldier in Westminster Abbey.

Chipp died in 1970 and there were many fond words in various obituaries that were published 'a truly great man who served others consistently throughout his life', 'as good a soldier that could be found', 'a truly great man has passed on'.

Lt Col Chipp's medals were purchased by the Museum in 2018.

Capt John Fox-Russell VC

The Victoria Cross in the highest gallantry award available under the British Honours system - It is awarded regardless of rank and ranks above any other Honour or Award. It was instituted in 1857 and to date some 1,358 have been awarded; the majority during the First World War.

No member of the Herefordshire Regiment has been awarded a VC but Captain John Fox-Russell was the Regimental Medical Officer of the 1/6th Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers, part of 159 Brigade but attached to The Herefordshire Regiment when he won his Victoria Cross.

In the 3rd Battle of Gaza, November 1917 he was attached to the Herefordshire Regiment and it was during the action at Khuweilfeh he was awarded the VC for:

most conspicuous bravery displayed in action until he was killed. Captain Russell repeatedly went out to attend the wounded under murderous fire from snipers and machine-guns, and in many cases, when no other means were at hand, carried them in himself, although almost exhausted. He showed the greatest possible degree of valour.

An extract from the Battalion War Diary for the period records: About 1am the Battalion formed up in front of its bivouacs prior to moving forward the brigade place of assembly prior to attack. The Battalion, which should have been accompanied by a battalion of the Imperial Camel Corps, arrived at about 3.40am and took up its ordered formation of companies in platoon waves at 25 yard distances; each company having one platoon in the front line. Order of companies from right to left:

\ D – Capt Carver

\ C – Capt Evelyn

\ B – Capt Birnie

\ A – Capt Russell.

On the left of the brigade lines was 1/7 RWF, left of the Herefords were the 1/6 RWF by which the Battalion was to march. The Battalion had been ordered to take up a frontage of 500 yards, but owing to inaccuracies in the map and the necessity of getting astride the ridge leading up to the table topped mountain, it was found necessary to increase the frontage to well over 1,000 yards and this in spite of the fact that the Battalion of the Imperial Camel Corps had been diverted to operate on the right flank of the Battalion.

At 3.48am some of our guns fired which caused some slight misapprehension as it was thought that our artillery barraged was timed for 4am had commenced. At 4am the Battalion moved steadily forward, covered by a heavy artillery and machine gun barrage, but for some reason touch had not been made with the 1/6 RWF on our left. Owing to the configuration of the ground, the tendency of the Battalion was rather to converge on its left and it was not clear that D Coy actually moved over Table Top Hill, an impossible hill to hold. Some of the Herefords became mixed up with the Imperial Camel Corps who afterwards came up on the left flank. The Battalion pushed on and reached the reverse slope of Tel El Khuweilfeh, shooting and bayonetting many Turks on the way.

Here abouts 9 Turkish guns were captured and the transport of a machine gun company decimated. Unfortunately our artillery barrage opened up again and compelled the Herefords to abandon their captured guns. At this time there was driving mist making it impossible to distinguish friend from foe at more than a few hundred yards.

From the above cause and the very accurate shooting of the enemy guns and snipers the Battalion suffered rather heavy casualties, especially amongst the officers, 6 of whom were killed while gallantly leading the men and 5 were wounded. The Battalion maintained the position it had won until relieved by 1/5 RWF the next day.

During the course of the battle the Battalion took 5 officers and 39 soldier prisoner and 10 soldiers the next day.

On relief the Battalion moved to bivouac area in reach of brigade battle HQ.

Capt Fox-Russell’s wife, Alma whom he married in September 1916 was presented with his Victoria Cross by King George V at Buckingham Palace on 2 March 1918.

He had previously been awarded the Military Cross for his actions during the 1st Battle of Gaza and also mentioned in despatches. He was also awarded the Territorial Force War Medal and his medals are in The Royal Army Medical Corps collection.

John Fox-Russell had been born in Holyhead North Wales and attended Magdalen College, Cambridge and St Bees school in Cumbria before completing his medical training at The Middlesex Hospital. He was a member of the Officer training Corps and was mobilised in August 1914.

Two other old boys from St Bees also won Victoria Crosses - Captain Leefe Robinson, RFC and Captain Richard Wain, Tank Corps.

He is buried in the Beersheba Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery.

On the centenary of his award a paving stone was unveiled in Holyhead.

Sjt Maj R Harman

Maj ALB Green DSO TD